A Linux File System is an structure and organization of files and directories on a Linux operating system. It determines how files are stored, accessed, and managed on a hard drive or other storage device. Linux uses a hierarchical file system that is based on a single root directory, represented by the symbol "/".
The Linux file system is designed to be flexible and can support a wide range of file types and sizes, from small text files to large multimedia files. It also supports file permissions, which allow users and programs to control access to files and directories.
Some of the commonly used file systems in Linux include ext4, Btrfs, XFS, and ZFS. These file systems have different features and are optimized for different use cases, such as performance, reliability, and scalability.
Brief explanation of few directories in the Linux File System:
/ (root filesystem) - The root filesystem is the top-level directory of the filesystem. It contains all the files required to boot the Linux system before other filesystems are mounted. It includes all the required executables and libraries required to boot the remaining filesystems. After the system is booted, all other filesystems are mounted on standard, well-defined mount points as subdirectories of the root filesystem. Home directory for Root users (Superuser).
/bin - The /bin(binary) directory contains user executable files.
/boot - Contains the static bootloader and kernel executable and configuration files required to boot a Linux computer.
/dev - This directory contains the device files for every hardware device attached to the system. These are not device drivers, rather they are files that represent each device on the computer and facilitate access to those devices.
/etc - Contains the local system configuration files for the host computer.
/home - Home directory storage for user files. Each user has a subdirectory in /home.
/lib - Contains shared library files that are required to boot the system.
/media - A place to mount external removable media devices such as USB thumb drives that may be connected to the host.
/mnt - A temporary mountpoint for regular filesystems (as in not removable media) that can be used while the administrator is repairing or working on a filesystem.
/opt - Optional files such as vendor supplied application programs should be located here.
/root - This is not the root (/) filesystem. It is the home directory for the root user.
/sbin - System binary files. These are executables used for system administration.
/tmp - Temporary directory. Used by the operating system and many programs to store temporary files. Users may also store files here temporarily. Note that files stored here may be deleted at any time without prior notice.
/usr - These are shareable, read-only files, including executable binaries and libraries, man files, and other types of documentation.
/var - Variable data files are stored here. This can include things like log files, MySQL, and other database files, web server data files, email inboxes, and much more.
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